A minority of members: women in the U.S. Congress

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Plight of a dove: Jeannette Rankin, Republican of Montana

Benefit of the doubt: Rebecca Latimer Felton, Democrat of Georgia

Then there were three: Alice M. Robertson, Republican of Oklahoma; Winnifred Mason Huck, Republican of Illinois; Mae E. Nolan, Republican of California

High ground: Florence P. Kahn, Republican of California; Mary T. Norton, Democrat of New Jersey; Edith Nourse Rogers, Republican of Massachusetts

In search of an image: Katherine Langley, Republican of Kentucky; Pearl Peden Oldfield, Democrat of Arkansas; Ruth Hanna McCormick, Republican of Illinois; Ruth Bryan Owen, Democrat of Florida; Ruth Baker Pratt, Republican of New York; Effiegene L. Wingo, Democrat of Arkansas; Willa B. Eslick, Democrat of Tennessee

A matter of duty: Hattie Caraway, Democrat of Arkansas

Winds of change: Virginia E. Jenckes, Democrat of Indiana; Kathyrn O'Loughlin McCarthy, Democrat of Kansas; Marian W. Clarke, Republican of New York; Isabella Greenway, Democrat of Arizona; Caroline O'Day, Democrat of New York; Nan Wood Honeyman, Democrat of Oregon; Elizabeth H. Gasque, Democrat of South Carolina

A question of equality: Rose McConnell Long, Democrat of Lousiana; Dixie Bibb Graves, Democrat of Alabama; Gladys Pyle, Republican of South Dakota

Under no illusions: Frances P. Bolton, Republican of Ohio

Voice of reason: Margaret Chase Smith, Republican of Maine

From peace to war: Jessie Sumner, Republican of Illinois; Clara G. McMillan, Democrat South Carolina; Florence Reville Gibbs, Democrat of Georgia; Katharine E. Byron, Democrat of Maryland; Veronica B. Boland, Democrat of Pennsylvania; Winifred C. Stanley, Republican of New York; Willa L. Fulmer, Democrat of South Carolina

Star billing: Clare Boothe Luce, Republican of Connecticut

On merit: Emily Taft Douglas, Democrat of Illinois; Helen Gahagan Douglas, Democrat of California; Chase Going Woodhouse, Democrat of Connecticut; Helen Douglas Mankin, Democrat of Georgia; Jane Pratt, Democrat of North Carolina

Paper Triumph: Vera C. Bushfield, Republican of South Dakota

Post war pattern: Georgia L. Lusk, Democrat of New Mexico; Katharine St. George, Republican of New York; Reva Beck Bosone, Democrat of Utah; Cecil M. Harden, Republican of Indiana; Edna F. Kelly, Democrat of New York

Maintaining momentum: Marguerite Stitt Church, Republican of Illinois; Ruth Thompson, Republican of Michigan; Elizabeth Kee, Democrat of West Virginia; Vera D. Buchanan, Democrat of Pennsylvania; Gracie Pfost, Democrat of Idaho

Of truth and its consequences: Leonor K. Sullivan, Democrat of Missouri

Percentage of Power: Eva Bowring, Republican of Nebraska; Hazel H. Abel, Republican of Nebraska

In the best tradition: Iris F. Blitch, Democrat of Georgia; Edith Green, Democrat of Oregon; Martha W. Griffiths, Democrat of Michigan; Coya Knutson, Democrat of Minnesota; Kathryn E. Granahan, Democrat of Pennsylvania; Florence P. Dwyer, Republican of New Jersey

The upside of down; Catherine May, Republican of Washington; Edna Simpson, Republican of Illinois; Jessica McCullough Weis, Republican of New York; Julia Butler Hansen, Democrat of Washington; Catherine D. Norrell, Democrat of Arkansas; Louise Goff Reece, Republican of Tennessee; Corinne Boyd Riley, Democrat of South Carolina

Family affair; Maurine B. Neuberger, Democrat of Oregon

On the wane: Charlotte T. Reid, Republican of Illinois; Irene B. Baker, Republican of Tennessee; Patsy T. Mink, Democrat of Hawaii; Lera M. Thomas, Democrat of Texas; Margaret M. Heckler, Republican of Massachusetts

Against the system: Shirley Chisholm, Democrat of New York

Profit and loss: Bella S. Abzug, Democrat of New York; Ella T. Grasso, Democrat of Connecticut; Louise Day Hicks, Democrat of Massachusetts; Elizabeth B. Andrews, Democrat of Alabama

Promises to keep: Elaine Edwards, Democrat of Lousiana

Postscript: November 7, 1972: Yvonne Brathwaite Burke, Democrat of California; Marjorie Holt, Republican of Maryland; Elizabeth Holtzman, Democrat of New Yor